Essay about Grief from a Cross-Cultural Perspective

Grief is a multi-faceted response to loss. Although primarily focused on the emotional reaction to loss, it also carries a physical, cognitive, behavioral, social, and philosophical connotation. Doctor Elisabeth Kà ¼bler-Ross introduced the idea of the stages of grief in her 1969 book, On Death and Dying. Although it has received much criticism since then, the Kà ¼bler-Ross model remains to be the most widely accepted model of grief today. However, as most psychological research conducted in the 20th century was based on people living in the North America and Western Europe, the Kà ¼bler-Ross model could be culturally biased. In the Laws of Absence, Ahmed El-Madini introduces the readers to grief and mourning in the Islamic culture. Through this†¦show more content†¦The story is divided into three sections: the first introduces the concept of insanity as experienced by the protagonist; the second, although still set in the stream of consciousness, focuses on the narratorà ¢â‚¬â„¢s grief rather than his reflection of self; the third concludes with the protagonist reentering reality, or the physical world. From the analysis of these sections, conclusions will be drawn through comparison to the Kà ¼bler-Ross model. In order to compare the human reactions to the events occurred within the story, the Islamic funeral rites will need to be observed. However, it is important for the reader to realize that the grief and mourning, albeit similar, are not the same. The act of mourning often varies by culture, whereas grief, as explained previously, could more or less be experienced the same. The story’s first section introduces the readers to the concept of the narrator’s insanity, and his opposition against himself. 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Research on International Migrants and Divorce

Question: Describe about the Research on International Migrants and Divorce. Answer: Introduction Thesis Statement There is a significant relationship between international migration and the divorce rate of couples, the main causes of divorce in between migrants couple are lack of adequate communication and difference in languages, customs and cultures. Background This research paper analyzes the relationship between the international migration and divorce rate of couples. Couples for the purpose of this research have been divided into two different types. The first one is the couple who are working in different countries to each other. The second one are the couple who are staying and working together in the same country but the husband and wife have a different cultural background as compared to each other. The problem with the first couple is that as they are living and working in different countries, they are not able to communicate properly with each other (Fournier, Setrakian McDougall, 2012). In addition, the quality and quantity of communication taking place between does not satisfy the needs of a happy married life. The problem of the first couple can be solved to some extent by the use of latest technologies in communications like social networks and video calling (Milton, 2013). The problem between the second couple arises due to t he difference in the cultural background of the husband and wife. Both the individuals associated together through marriage have different customs, rituals, religious backgrounds and languages (Tan, 2016). Divorce rate between type two couple is high as compared to the first type of couple. Disputes arise between these couples, as they are not able to coup up with the difference between each others culture (Caarls Mazzucato, 2015). Aims of the research What is the relationship between international migration and couple divorce rate? What are the reasons for divorce between the first types of couples? What are the reasons for divorce between the second types of couples? What are the ways in which factors, which encourage divorce between couples, can be solved? Objectives of the research To analyze the relationship between migration and couple divorce rate To analyze the reasons for divorce between the first type of couple To analyze the reason for divorce between the second type of couples To analyze the ways, in which factors that encourage divorce between couples, can be solved Literature review Migration is a very stressful life event, which have a vast physiological impact on the person who is migrating (Andersson, Obucina Scott, 2015). This event of migration not only affects the person who is migrating but also others who are associated with such person especially their spouses (Bijwaard Van Doeselaar, 2014). The difference of culture between the second types of couples becomes more severe on basis of the duration of time spent by the husband and wife with respect to the culture of the host country (Sportel, 2016). Most of the second types of couple have a shorter acquaintance time before marriage and they do not get to know each other properly before marriage. In the first type of couple, the stress endured by the husband and wife due to migration has a negative impact on the relationship between them and often leads to conflicts and disputes. In the first type of couple, loyalty becomes an issue because of the lack of communication and stress and often makes the coup les more vulnerable to divorce (Qureshi, 2014). In the second type of couple gender equation also plays an import role in their relationship. If the male who has migrated form a male dominant country, marries a female in a country, which has more gender equality, differences between them will be bound to occur, as the male will not be able to adjust properly with the increased bargaining power of the female. One of the potential causes of divorce between the second types of couple is the reason of marriage (Antognini, 2014). The reason for marring for most of the immigrants in foreign countries are not usual, they get married to each other for attaining a social status in the foreign society. This reason is not enough to keep them together for long and eventually the only option before them is to get divorced. With respect to the second type of couple, if the individuals to a marriage get married to a local resident they do not enjoy the same social status and personal identity as that of their spouses , this often leads to disput es between them and make them vulnerable to divorce. With respect to the first type of couple, the husband, wife working, and living in different countries get deeply involved in the society of those countries and in addition, they become too busy with their working schedule to take out time for their spouses. This gradually diminishes the emotional attachment between them and the essence of marriage is lost which eventually leads to separation and divorce (Milewski Kulu, 2014). Moreover, when the spouses are working in other countries and have different career goals to each other, their expectations from each other also become different, and when they are not able to satisfy each others expectations disputes between them arise (Obu?ina, 2014). The first type of couple, who are separated from each other by distance and international borders are not able to satisfy the basic needs to a marriage because of a distance gap. This is also one of the main causes of divorce between the first types of couple. The lack of communication between these couples make them more demanding towards each other which ultimately causes distress in their personal life, This distress has a negative impact on their relationship and the arguments between them keep on growing and ultimately lead to divorce. The first type of couple may also suffer from financial problems as their spouses are not present with them, even if they are financially stable the difference in their financial status can lead to egos and misunderstandings that lay a foundation for separation (Benson, 2016). Due to the difference is distance and lack of proper communication between them the misunderstandings that occur are not solved easily and often become so severe that they are not able to stay together (Furtado, Marcn Sevilla, 2013). The problem between the first types of couple can be solved to certain by the use of proper communication methods and counseling. The first type of couple usually has the same cultural background and has better understandings towards each other (Liversage, 2012). Their problems can be solved by closing the communication gap between them. This gap can be closed by the use of modern technologies in communication sector and the use of social networks. Counseling couples about how to maintain the relationship these between them in spite of the difference will also play a major role in solving the problems between them (Bijwaard Doeselaar, 2012). The second type of couple on the other hand has many differences with respect to culture, customs, languages and religion. Solving these differences is a major challenge, which is often not achieved. In Sweden, the divorce rate of the migrant couples who have got married in the country and are living together is higher as compared to those migrants who are married outside Sweden and are in a long distance marriage. In addition, the second type of couple can readily avail the option of divorce as compared to the first type form that divorce is a complicated affair. Research methods Type of investigation The researcher has conducted a descriptive research for the purpose of this research paper with the help of relevant theories and concepts. These concept and theories will help the researcher to come to a coherent conclusion about this topic. Data collection For the purpose of this research paper, the researcher has collected qualitative data as it has guided the researcher to come to a strong conclusion. The researcher has collected this data through secondary data collection method. Secondary data collection method is the collection of data with reference to authentic research articles, books and journals of renowned scholars and websites, which deal with this topic. Data sources: For the purpose of this research the researcher has collected data from protecting the absent spouse in international Divorce written by Wainhouse. Data has also been collected through divorce risks of immigrants in Sweden in the yearly conference of the Population Association of America, by Andersson and Scott. The researcher has also referred to Lost in Translation: the failure of interstate divorce system to adequately Address the Needs of International Divorcing Couples by Geffner-Mihlsten. The researcher has also referred to latest news articles for the purpose of this research paper. Data analysis: The data analysis method used by the researcher for the purpose of this research paper is the qualitative data analysis method. This method has been chosen by the researcher because the research is which conducted has been analyzed in a qualitative approach. This analysis has been useful, as the researcher has not done any mathematical or statistical analysis for the purpose of this research. According to the researcher for the purpose of conducting research on a topic like international migration and its relation to divorce qualitative analysis of secondary data is best, as this topic requires the application of theories and response based of the existing data related to divorce and migration. Conclusion and recommendations: The detailed qualitative analysis of various articles, books and journals the researcher has concluded that there is major connection between international migration and the divorce rates of the immigrants. The researcher has found that the main cause of divorce between the immigrates who are married and stay in different countries is the lack of communication between them. This can be solved by taking out a common time for each other from their schedules and adapting the various technological developments in the field of communication as a source to communicate with each other (Adser Ferrer, 2014). This can be solved by the use of social networks like facebook and Whatsapp, which will help them to stay, connected with each other by sharing photos and videos with respect to their personal lives. They can solve the misunderstandings between them by referring to online counseling organizations, which help couples resolve their relationship disputes and live continue in a growing and h ealthy relationship. These couples should give extra efforts to solve disputes between them related to egos and financial disputes by understanding the needs of each other and trying to live up to each others expectations. The researcher has also come to a conclusion that, the migrating individuals who get married in foreign land to person having the same culture face problems with respect to the amount of time they have been exposed to the culture of the foreign country. If the time spent by their spouse in the other countries is for a long duration than it is evitable that they will get accustomed to cultures of that particular country. This will let them lose the essence of their own culture and will eventually lead to disputes with their partners. The migrants before marriage should consider this factor and take the decision to marry or not accordingly. If the immigrants do not take this step then they will not be getting what they expect from the marriage and this will eventually lead to disputes and separation. The researcher also concludes that immigrants who get married to the residents of the foreign country have difficulty in adapting to their cultures; the individuals of the other country whom they are marring have their own customs, rituals and may have a different language. The difference in language will lead to miscommunications between them and the lack of knowledge about each others cultures will lead to disputes and eventually divorce. The researcher has also concluded that this can be only avoided by spending more time as acquaintance and get to know each other better before advancing for marriage. References: Adser, A., Ferrer, A. (2014). Immigrants and demography: Marriage, divorce, and fertility.Handbook of the Economics of International Migration: The Immigrants, 315. Andersson, G., Obucina, O., Scott, K. (2015). Marriage and divorce of immigrants and descendants of immigrants in Sweden.Demographic Research,33, 31. Antognini, A. (2014). Family Unity Revisited: Divorce, Separation, and Death in Immigration Law.South Carolina Law Review,66(1). Benson, M. (2016).Lifestyle migration: Expectations, aspirations and experiences. Routledge. Bijwaard, G. E., Van Doeselaar, S. (2012). The Impact of Divorce on Return-Migration of Family Migrants. Bijwaard, G. E., Van Doeselaar, S. (2014). The impact of changes in the marital status on return migration of family migrants.Journal of Population Economics,27(4), 961-997. Caarls, K., Mazzucato, V. (2015). Does International Migration Lead to Divorce? Ghanaian Couples in Ghana and Abroad.Population,70(1), 127-151. Fournier, P., Setrakian, A., McDougall, P. (2012). No-Fault Talaq: Islamic Divorce in Canadian Immigration and Family law.Interpreting Divorce Law in Islam, Copenhagen: djf Publishing. Furtado, D., Marcn, M., Sevilla, A. (2013). Does culture affect divorce? Evidence from European immigrants in the United States.Demography,50(3), 1013-1038. Liversage, A. (2012). Gender, conflict and subordination within the household: Turkish migrant marriage and divorce in Denmark.Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies,38(7), 1119-1136. Milewski, N., Kulu, H. (2014). Mixed marriages in Germany: A high risk of divorce for immigrant-native couples.European Journal of Population,30(1), 89-113. Milton, J. (2013). The Doctrine of Discipline and Divorce. Obu?ina, O. (2014, September). Marriage migration and divorce risk in Sweden. British Society for Population Studies Conference, Winchester, UK. Qureshi, K. (2014). Briefing Report: Migration, Marital Instability and Divorce among British Asians. Sportel, I. (2016).Divorce in Transnational Families: Marriage, Migration and Family Law. Springer. Tan, X. (2016, November). A Longitudinal Analysis of Internal Migration, Divorce and Well-Being in China. In2016 Fall Conference: The Role of Research in Making Government More Effective. Appam.